Purification and partial characterization of GtHs (cfLH and cfFSH) from Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) (L.) and development of a homologous ELISA for cfLH     

Shrabanti Sarkar  Panchanan Nath 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(6):879-896

Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL^?1 (1.25 ng well^?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

Epidemiological, bacteriological and molecular studies on caseous lymphadenitis in Sirohi goats of Rajasthan, India     

Kumar J  Singh F  Tripathi BN  Kumar R  Dixit SK  Sonawane GG 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(7):1319-1322

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CL), a chronic debilitating disease of goats. In the present study, a total of 575 goats of Sirohi breed on an organized farm situated in the semi-arid tropical region of Rajasthan, India were clinically examined. Pus samples from superficial lymph nodes of 27 (4.7%) adult goats presenting clinical lesions suggestive of CL were collected for bacteriological and molecular analyses. Of these goats, 51.9% yielded C. pseudotuberculosis on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting proline iminopeptidase gene specific to C. pseudotuberculosis was developed that confirmed all 14 bacterial isolates. The specificity of the PCR product was confirmed by sequencing of the 551-bp amplicon in both senses, showing 98-100% homology with published sequences. Thus, overall prevalence rate based on clinical, bacterial culture and PCR assay were found to be 4.7%, 2.4% and 2.4%, respectively. The PCR assay developed in this study was found to be specific and rapid, and could be used for confirmation of CL in goats as an alternative method to generally cumbersome, time-consuming and less reliable conventional methods.  相似文献   

Common occurrence of a unique Cryptosporidium ryanae variant in zebu cattle and water buffaloes in the buffer zone of the Chitwan National Park, Nepal     

Feng Y  Karna SR  Dearen TK  Singh DK  Adhikari LN  Shrestha A  Xiao L 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,185(2-4):309-314

There are very few studies on the diversity and public health significance of Cryptosporidium species in zebu cattle and water buffaloes in developing countries. In this study, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequence analyses of the small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene were used to genotype Cryptosporidium specimens from 12 zebu cattle calves, 16 water buffalo calves, and four swamp deer (Cervus duvaucelii) collected from the buffer zone of the Chitwan National Park, Nepal. All Cryptosporidium specimens from cattle and buffaloes belonged to Cryptosporidium ryanae, whereas those from deer belonged to Cryptosporidium ubiquitum. Comparison of the SSU rRNA gene sequences obtained with those from earlier studies has identified a nucleotide substitution unique to all C. ryanae isolates from Nepal, in addition to some sequence heterogeneity among different copies of the gene. The finding of the dominance of a unique C. ryanae variant in both zebu cattle and water buffaloes in Nepal indicates that there is unique cryptosporidiosis transmission in bovine animals in the study area, and cross-species transmission of some Cryptosporidium spp. can occur between related animal species sharing the same habitats.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of chlamydial infection in cattle in Ireland     

Wilson K  Sammin D  Harmeyer S  Nath M  Livingstone M  Longbottom D 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,193(2):583-585

Although few studies have investigated the prevalence of chlamydial infections in cattle, reported prevalence rates vary hugely. In order to assess the prevalence of this infection in cattle in Ireland, serum samples (100 herds, 20 samples/herd) collected for statutory screening for brucellosis were examined by soluble chlamydial antigen indirect ELISA. The assay detects antibodies to the two most common Chlamydiaceae spp. affecting cattle, namely Chlamydia abortus and Chlamydia pecorum. A total of 95 samples from 57 herds were seropositive, representing an observed prevalence rate of 4.75%. The parametric bootstrap estimate of the mean disease prevalence in the population was 6.04% (95%, CI 4.70-7.50). The results suggest the prevalence of chlamydial infection is low in cattle in Ireland.  相似文献   

Greenhouse gases emission,soil organic carbon and wheat yield as affected by tillage systems and nitrogen management practices     

Chaitanya Prasad Nath  Tapas Kumar Das  Kuldeep Singh Rana  Ranjan Bhattacharyya  Himanshu Pathak  Sangeeta Paul 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(12):1644-1660

Agricultural activities are responsible for greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission in the environment. Strategies are required to enhance the soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) sequestration to adapt and mitigate the climate change. We investigated GHGs emission, SOC and N enhancement under conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) with N management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Seasonal carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission and global warming potential (GWP) reduced for ZT treatments over CT without residues and 100% of required N with a blanket split application (CT – R + 100N). The ZT with 5 t ha^?1 maize (Zea mays L.) residues retention and 75% of required N and GreenSeeker^TM (GS)-aided N management (ZT + R + 75N + GS) reduced yield-scaled GHGs emission and increased total organic carbon (C) stock over CT – R + 100N. However, nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission was lower in CT. The GS-based N management saved 26–35 kg N ha^?1 in different tillage systems in both years over blanket application with higher N uptake and associated reduction in N₂O emission. The study recommends that ZT with residues retention and GS-based N management can minimize the GHGs emission and improve the SOC.  相似文献   

Induction of fertilizable eggs by conspecific vitellogenin implantation in captive female walking catfish,Clarias batrachus (Linn.)          下载免费PDF全文

Debapriya Bhattacharya  Shrabanti Sarkar  Subir Kumar Juin  Panchanan Nath 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(9):3167-3175

The synthesis of vitellogenin (Vg) is induced by conspecific Vg (Vg1 and Vg2) and estradiol‐17β (E₂) as demonstrated by the pattern of ³H‐serine incorporation in the liver and plasma proteins. The incorporation studies indicated that the label was first incorporated into the liver after which it appeared in the blood in both E₂‐ and Vg‐treated male catfish. Since Vg was capable of inducing its own synthesis, experiments were conducted in females during preparatory–prespawning period (March–May) to make them gravid by implanting Vg pellets. Two implantations of 4 mg Vg1 pellets into female catfish with an interval of 15 days, followed by laboratory maintenance for 45 days of initial implantation showed a significant increment in ovarian weight with concomitant formation of yolky oocytes through synthesis and incorporation of Vg, whereas Vg2 implantation was not effective in this regard. Histological observation of yolky oocytes in Vg1‐treated group showed the peripheral migration of germinal vesicle (eccentric germinal vesicle), which indicates the onset of maturation. On 45th day, third implantation with 2 mg Vg pellets was performed and after 15 days, fish were hormonally induced with a single injection of hCG (2,000 IU/kg fish). Six groups were considered such as initial control, BSA‐implanted control, Vg1‐implanted, Vg2‐implanted, catfish collected from the field on the last day of the experiment and catfish collected during spawning period in this experiment with 3–7 fish in each group. Each of the experimental fish was sexually mature and the body weight was between 100 and 125 g. The percentage of ovulation and fertilization in the eggs of Vg1‐implanted group was 91% and 78%, respectively, which was almost similar to that of gravid female catfish collected during breeding period (July). The breeding performance in BSA‐ and Vg2‐treated females was very poor. The fertilized eggs were hatched in the laboratory conditions. Thus, in the female catfish, Vg1 not only induces vitellogenesis but also makes the oocytes viable for fertilization.  相似文献   

Analysing the land uses of forest-dwelling indigenous people in the Chittagong Hill Tracts,Bangladesh     

Abu Saleh Md. Golam Kibria  Makoto Inoue  Tapan Kumar Nath 《Agroforestry Systems》2015,89(4):663-676

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Pathology and diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis in naturally infected dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in India     

Shirish Dadarao Narnaware  Shyam Singh Dahiya  Fateh Chand Tuteja  Govindasamy Nagarajan  Kashi Nath  Nitin Vasantrao Patil 《Tropical animal health and production》2015,47(8):1633-1636

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Replacement of by-catch fishmeal with dried chicken viscera meal in extruded feeds: effect on growth,nutrient utilisation and carcass composition of catfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clarias batrachus</Emphasis> (Linn.) fingerlings     

Shiba Shankar Giri  Sangram Ketan Sahoo  Satyendra Nath Mohanty 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(4):539-544

An 84-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of replacing dietary fishmeal with dried chicken viscera meal (CVM) on the growth (net biomass gain, specific growth rate, SGR), feed acceptability, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and carcass composition of Clarias batrachus fingerlings. Triplicate groups of fingerlings with mean initial body weight of 13.35 g were fed on six iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets. The control diet (CVM0) used marine by-catch fishmeal as the sole source of animal protein. In the other five diets (CVM100–CVM500), 20–100% of fishmeal was substituted by dried CVM at 20% increments. The highest body weight gain, SGR and PER, and the lowest FCR were observed in fish fed a diet containing 300–500 g CVM kg⁻¹. The fish accumulated increasing quantities of lipids and decreasing levels of ash in their carcasses with increasing levels of dietary CVM.  相似文献   

Purification and development of ELISAs for two forms of vitellogenin in Indian walking catfish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clarias batrachus</Emphasis> (L.)     

S. Mahapatra  Sk. Kabita  D. Bhattacharya  S. Sarkar  S. K. Juin  S. Maitra  P. Nath 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2017,43(2):477-491

Two forms of vitellogenin (Vg: Vg1 and Vg2) were purified from the plasma of estradiol-17β (E₂)-treated Indian walking catfish, Clarias batrachus, by gel filtration and adsorption chromatography. Native Vg1 and Vg2 had apparent molecular masses of 375 and 450 kDa, respectively, and both Vgs resolved into two similar major bands (95 and 67 kDa) in SDS-PAGE under reducing condition. Polyclonal antisera raised against each form of Vg were absorbed with a combination of hypophysectomized male catfish serum proteins and alternate Vg to ensure specificity. Immunological analyses verified the presence of Vg1 and Vg2 in the plasma of female catfish. Homologous ELISAs were developed for Vg1 and Vg2 using their respective harvested antisera, which exhibited the detection limit of 100 ng ml^?1 for Vg1 and 40 ng ml^?1 for Vg2, and low level of cross-reactivity (not parallel to the standard) was found with alternate Vg in each assay. Treatment of male catfish with E₂ induced both Vgs showing a proportionate ratio of Vg1 to Vg2 at 5.6:1. Plasma concentrations of both Vgs measured by ELISAs at different reproductive phases of field collected female catfish increased in accordance with the ovarian development, keeping the proportionate ratio of Vg1 to Vg2 at about 2:1 in fish undergoing vitellogenesis during prespawning period and 1:20 during spawning period, suggesting that Vg1 may be the major Vg to contribute in yolk formation, whereas Vg2, besides its role in yolk formation, may facilitate other physiological functions. The present study, thus, demonstrates the occurrence of two unequally synthesized Vgs in the catfish.  相似文献